Isocyanic acid (HNCO) in the hot molecular core G331.512-0.103: observations and chemical modelling

The authors thank the anonymous referee for the useful comments that improved the article. CMC acknowledges the support of CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico Brazil, process number 141714/2016-6. This study was financed in part by the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. LB acknowledges support fromCONICYT (Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica) project Basal AFB-170002. EM acknowledges support from the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, grant 2014/22095-6) and CNPq (grant 150465/2019-0). MC acknowledges the financial support from theEuropean Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no 872081; from the Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation plan (RDI plan) under the project PID2019-104002GB-C21; the Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6105/UGR; the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (ref. COOPB20364); and by the Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matematicas y Computacion (CEAFMC) of the University of Huelva.Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is a simple molecule with a potential to form prebiotic and complex organic species. Using a spectral survey collected with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment, in this work we report the detection of 42 transitions of HNCO in the hot molecular core/outflow G331.512-0.103 (hereafter G331). The spectral lines were observed in the frequency interval ∼160–355 GHz. By means of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium analyses, applying the rotational diagram method, we studied the excitation conditions of HNCO. The excitation temperature and column density are estimated to be Tex= 58.8 ± 2.7 K and N = (3.7 ± 0.5) × 1015 cm−2, considering beam dilution effects. The derived relative abundance is between (3.8 ± 0.5) × 10−9 and (1.4 ± 0.2) × 10−8. In comparison with other hot molecular cores, our column densities and abundances are in agreement. An update of the internal partition functions of the four CHNO isomers: HNCO; cyanic acid, HOCN; fulminic acid, HCNO; and isofulminic acid, HONC is provided. We also used the astrochemical code NAUTILUS to model and discuss HNCO abundances. The simulations could reproduce the abundances with a simple zero-dimensional model at a temperature of 60 K and for a chemical age of ∼105 yr, which is larger than the estimated dynamical age for G331. This result could suggest the need for a more robust model and even the revision of chemical reactions associated with HNCO.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141714/2016-6Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) 001Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) Basal AFB-170002Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2014/22095-6Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 150465/2019-0European Union'sHorizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 872081Spanish National Research, Development, and Innovation plan (RDI plan) PID2019-104002GB-C21Consejeria de Conocimiento, Investigacion y UniversidadJunta de AndaluciaEuropean Commission SOMM17/6105/UGRMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades COOPB20364Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fisica, Matematicas y Computacion (CEAFMC) of the University of Huelv

Antiferromagnetic behavior in S=2 layered RbMnF4

Under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to their work.The magnetic properties of layered-perovskite RbMnF4 have been investigated by neutron powder diffraction. This compound exhibits a magnetic ordering below Tc=3.7±0.2 K. The resolution of the magnetic structure at 1.5 K indicates that RbMnF4 orders as a collinear antiferromagnet. The propagation vector is k=0 and the magnetic moment of each sublattice has a value of 2.97(3) μB. The strong reduction of the observed magnetic moment should be attributed to a particularly high two-dimensional character of this compound.The research in Zaragoza has been supported by Grant No. MAT/91-681, from the Comision Interministerial deCiencia y Tecnologia.Peer Reviewe

High temperature behavior of Sr-doped layered cobaltites Y(Ba1-xSrx)Co2O5.5: phase stability and structural properties

In this article we present a neutron diffraction in-situ study of the thermal evolution and high-temperature structure of layered cobaltites Y(Ba, Sr)Co2 O5+{\delta}. Neutron thermodiffractograms and magnetic susceptibility measurements are reported in the temperature range 20 K <= T <= 570 K, as well as high resolution neutron diffraction experiments at selected temperatures. Starting from the as-synthesized samples with {\delta} ~ 0.5, we show that the room temperature phases remain stable up to 550 K, where they start loosing oxygen and transform to a vacancy-disordered "112" structure with tetragonal symmetry. Our results also show how the so-called "122" structure can be stabilized at high temperature (around 450 K) in a sample in which the addition of Sr at the Ba site had suppressed its formation. In addition, we present the structural and magnetic properties of the resulting samples with a new oxygen content {\delta} ~ 0.25 in the temperature range 20 K <= T <= 300 K

Recognition of facial expression of emotions in Parkinson’s disease: a theoretical review

Introducción. La expresión facial emocional constituye una guía básica en la interacción social y, por ello, las alteraciones en su expresión o reconocimiento suponen una importante limitación para la comunicación. Objetivo. Examinar las capacidades de reconocimiento de expresiones faciales y su posible deterioro en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Desarrollo. En primer lugar, se revisan las investigaciones sobre este tema y que no han encontrado resultados totalmente afines. En segundo lugar, se analizan los factores que pueden explicar estas divergencias y, en particular, como tercer objetivo, se valora la relación entre los problemas en el reconocimiento emocional y el deterioro cognitivo asociado a la enfermedad. Por último, se proponen estrategias alternativas para el desarrollo de estudios que contribuyan a clarificar el estado de estas habilidades en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Conclusiones. La mayoría de los estudios indica deficiencias en el reconocimiento de expresiones, sobre todo en las de contenido emocional negativo. No obstante, es posible que dichas alteraciones estén relacionadas con las que también aparecen en otros procesos perceptivos y ejecutivos propios de la enfermedad. Para avanzar en esta cuestión, consideramos necesario diseñar estudios sobre reconocimiento emocional que impliquen diferencialmente a los procesos cognitivos mencionados o que contrasten la ejecución de los individuos con estímulos no emocionales y con expresiones faciales. Además de incrementar nuestro conocimiento sobre las consecuencias funcionales del deterioro cerebral característico de la enfermedad, estos estudios pueden indicarnos si debe prestarse atención adicional a su rehabilitación dentro de los programas que se aplicanEmotional facial expression is a basic guide during social interaction and, therefore, alterations in their expression or recognition are important limitations for communication. Aim. To examine facial expression recognition abilities and their possible impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Development. First, we review the studies on this topic which have not found entirely similar results. Second, we analyze the factors that may explain these discrepancies and, in particular, as third objective, we consider the relationship between emotional recognition problems and cognitive impairment associated with the disease. Finally, we propose alternatives strategies for the development of studies that could clarify the state of these abilities in Parkinson’s disease. Conclusions. Most studies suggest deficits in facial expression recognition, especially in those with negative emotional content. However, it is possible that these alterations are related to those that also appear in the course of the disease in other perceptual and executive processes. To advance in this issue, we consider necessary to design emotional recognition studies implicating differentially the executive or visuospatial processes, and/or contrasting cognitive abilities with facial expressions and non emotional stimuli. The precision of the status of these abilities, as well as increase our knowledge of the functional consequences of the characteristic brain damage in the disease, may indicate if we should pay special attention in their rehabilitation inside the programs implementedProyecto ref. PSI2009-09067, financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Magnetic and electronic Co states in layered cobaltate GdBaCo2O5.5-x

We have performed non-resonant x-ray diffraction, resonant soft and hard x-ray magnetic diffraction, soft x-ray absorption and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements to clarify the electronic and magnetic states of the Co3+ ions in GdBaCo2O5.5. Our data are consistent with a 3+ Py Co HS state at the pyramidal sites and a 3+ Oc Co LS state at the octahedral sites. The structural distortion, with a doubling of the a axis (2ap x 2ap x 2ap cell), shows alternating elongations and contractions of the pyramids and indicates that the metal-insulator transition is associated with orbital order in the t2g orbitals of the 3+ Py Co HS state. This distortion corresponds to an alternating ordering of xz and yz orbitals along the a and c axes for the 3+ Py Co . The orbital ordering and pyramidal distortion lead to deformation of the octahedra, but the 3+ Oc Co LS state does not allow an orbital order to occur for the 3+ Oc Co ions. The soft x-ray magnetic diffraction results indicate that the magnetic moments are aligned in the ab plane but are not parallel to the crystallographic a or b axes. The orbital order and the doubling of the magnetic unit cell along the c axis support a non-collinear magnetic structure. The x-ray magnetic circular dichroism data indicate that there is a large orbital magnetic contribution to the total ordered Co moment

Experimental magnetic form factors in Co3V2O8: A combined study of ab initio calculations, magnetic Compton scattering and polarized neutron diffraction

We present a combination of ab initio calculations, magnetic Compton scattering and polarized neutron experiments, which elucidate the density distribution of unpaired electrons in the kagome staircase system Co3V2O8. Ab initio wave functions were used to calculate the spin densities in real and momentum space, which show good agreement with the respective experiments. It has been found that the spin polarized orbitals are equally distributed between the t2g and the eg levels for the spine (s) Co ions, while the eg orbitals of the cross-tie (c) Co ions only represent 30% of the atomic spin density. Furthermore, the results reveal that the magnetic moments of the cross-tie Co ions, which are significantly smaller than those of the spine Co ions in the zero-field ferromagnetic structure, do not saturate by applying an external magnetic field of 2 T along the easy axis a, but that the increasing bulk magnetization originates from induced magnetic moments on the O and V sites. The refined individual magnetic moments are mu(Co_c)=1.54(4) mu_B, mu(Co_s)=2.87(3) mu_B, mu(V)=0.41(4) mu_B, mu(O1)=0.05(5) mu_B, mu(O2)=0.35(5) mu_B, and; mu(O3)=0.36(5) mu_B combining to the same macroscopic magnetization value, which was previously only attributed to the Co ions

A low-pass filter with automatic frequency tuning for a bluetooth receiver

A third-order Gm-C Chebyshev low-pass filter with high linearity and automatic frequency programmability has been designed. The filter is intended to be used as a channel-select filter for a zero-IF Bluetooth receiver. The frequency tuning scheme is simpler and has more relaxed specifications than conventional ones. The filter bandwidth is 0.5 MHz and the overall scheme dissipates 1.1 mA from a 1.8-V supply. The third-order intermodulation (IM3) distortion of the filter for a 1Vpp two-tone signal centered at 350 kHz is -67dB.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TEC2007-67460-C03-02

Multiferroic behavior in the new double-perovskite Lu2_2MnCoO6_6

We present a new member of the multiferroic oxides, Lu$_2$MnCoO$_6$, which we have investigated using X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, specific heat, magnetization, electric polarization, and dielectric constant measurements. This material possesses an electric polarization strongly coupled to a net magnetization below 35 K, despite the antiferromagnetic ordering of the $S = 3/2$ Mn$^{4+}$ and Co$^{2+}$ spins in an $\uparrow \uparrow \downarrow \downarrow$ configuration along the c-direction. We discuss the magnetic order in terms of a condensation of domain boundaries between $\uparrow \uparrow$ and $\downarrow \downarrow$ ferromagnetic domains, with each domain boundary producing a net electric polarization due to spatial inversion symmetry breaking. In an applied magnetic field the domain boundaries slide, controlling the size of the net magnetization, electric polarization, and magnetoelectric coupling

Evapotranspiración y respuesta de la soya (Glycine max (L.) Merril), al riego suplementario.

En el Centro de Investigaciones Nataima, situado a 431 m.s.n.m. con una temperatura promedio de 28 grados centígrados y una precipitación anual de 1274 mm., se midió la evapotranspiración máxima (ETM) y real (ETR) del cultivo de soya (Soyica N-22). Utilizando un evapotranspirómetro tipo THORNTHWAITE, se registró en 360 mm el consumo hídrico del cultivo a través de su ciclo de vida (ETM), mediante parcelas de campo se encontró un valor similar para ETR cuando se aplicó riego suplementario y 250 mm en el testigo de precipitación. Debido a que los resultados muestran que la producción de soya debe hacerse bajo riego, se calculó el coeficiente bioclimático Km (Km igual a ETM/EV), relación entre la ETM y la evaporación (EV), con el fin de que sea utilizado en la planificación y ejecución del riego, además se realizó un análisis de la susceptibilidad del cultivo al déficit hídrico durante la época de formación y llenado de grano (R3 - R7), debido a que el rendimiento se reduce en 11.3 kg de semilla/ha, por cada mm de agua faltante por evapotranpirar. Se obtuvo una rentabilidad marginal semestral debida al riego de 698 por cientoSoya-Soja- Glycine ma